Answer: 4
Why? In Europe, there is an absolute novelty requirement. That is, anything relevant to an invention made public either in written or oral form anywhere in the world before the date of filing of a patent application, can be used as prior art against such invention. A publication prior to the filing of a patent application will also render the invention unpatentable in Australia, even if the authors of the article and the inventors were the same individuals. Thus, your own prior publications will destroy the novelty of your invention in Europe and in Australia. In contrast, in the United States, there is a 12-month grace period to file a patent application for an invention disclosed in writing anywhere in the world. After a year, the publication will count as prior art against the invention. Very few countries have a grace period.
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